Lawns: Natural Solutions or Pathways to Pollution?

Is there a smell more synonymous with summer than that of fresh-cut grass? Many people take great pride in carefully manicuring the green spaces that surround our homes. But, when we look out at our lawns, let’s not forget that they are often a primary connection to our waterways, and how we interact with them can determine whether they become a natural solution or a pathway to pollution.

Many people find their lawns grow lush and green without synthetic fertilizers at all. For those who are not satisfied with the natural state, however, it is important to apply any fertilizers carefully. Why? Because when fertilizers are used incorrectly, they can contribute to poor water quality in our watershed. If applied in excess, or at the wrong times, rainwater will wash the fertilizer into nearby rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams where it will act as a pollutant.

Excess fertilizer in our waterways encourages cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) to bloom. These blooms deplete oxygen, suffocate fish, and degrade aquatic habitats in ways that endanger human and animal health. We need healthy watersheds to support the supply of clean drinking water, and for recreational activities like swimming, boating, and fishing. Economically, property values are higher when in proximity to clean waterbodies, as compared to impaired ones.

Unlike “point-source pollution,” that which comes from a specific identifiable source like a leaky pipe or specific factory, lawn chemicals are examples of “non-point source pollution (NPS)” where pollution comes from many sources throughout a watershed. NPS pollution can be much harder to identify, regulate, and mitigate than point-source pollution.

So, how can we use fertilizers in a way that minimally impacts our watersheds? If you observe that your lawn could be improved, test your soil to determine what it needs. Many labs offer soil testing services that will provide you information about your soil’s nutrients and pH. For a local option, UConn offers soil tests for $18/sample. (Visit plantsoilcenter.cahnr.uconn.edu to learn more.) After receiving results, only apply fertilizers in the amounts advised, from mid-to late spring and/or late summer-early fall, and at least two days prior to any heavy rainfall. Consider also using slow-release fertilizers with water-insoluble nitrogen, as they give the plants more time to utilize the nutrient. Overall, it is important to understand how to use fertilizer in moderation and with the correct methods.

Natural solutions should be encouraged as well: For instance, if your lawn is lacking nitrogen, consider planting clover seed in addition to your grass. Clover is a nitrogen-fixing plant, meaning it converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. In this way, it acts as a natural fertilizer! Also consider leaving your grass clippings on the lawn - as they break down over time, they, too, will release nutrients back for the living grass to use. Another practice to adopt is letting your grass grow taller/mowing at a higher setting. The taller grass is, the deeper its roots are. By letting grass be slightly taller, the roots will have access to more soil with more nutrients and moisture to keep it green. Lastly, consider if your lawn needs aeration. Aeration increases the efficiency of any irrigation and fertilizer use.

By viewing your backyard as a vital component of the local water cycle, you can achieve a vibrant, resilient lawn that actively safeguards the health of your community’s watershed. For more ideas on how to support your local watershed, view the Bantam Lake Pledge www.bantamlakect.com/pledge and explore various actions you can take. Together we can protect our lakes and rivers for generations to come.